Flexible three-dimensional modeling of plants using low- resolution cameras and visual odometry

We propose the use of state-of-the-art methods for visual odometry to accurately recover camera pose and preliminary three-dimensional models on image acquisition time. Specimens of maize and sunflower were imaged using a single free-moving camera and a software tool with visual odometry capabilities. Multiple-view stereo was employed to produce dense point clouds sampling the plant surfaces. The produced three-dimensional models are accurate snapshots of the shoot state and plant measurements can be recovered in a non-invasive way.

3D Plant Modeling: Localization, Mapping and Segmentation for Plant Phenotyping Using a Single Hand-held Camera

In this work, structure from motion is employed to estimate the position of a hand-held camera, moving around plants, and to recover a sparse 3D point cloud sampling the plants’ surfaces. Multiple-view stereo is employed to extend the sparse model to a dense 3D point cloud. The model is automatically segmented by spectral clustering, properly separating the plant’s leaves whose surfaces are estimated by fitting trimmed B-splines to their 3D points.

Image-based 3D digitizing for plant architecture analysis and phenotyping

This paper shows as the state of the art in structure from motion and multiple view stereo is able to produce accurate 3D models for specimens presenting sparse canopies. Three-dimensional triangular meshes are computed from a set of non-calibrated images, modeling a basil and an Ixora specimens and accurately representing their leaves and branches.